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毕业论文网 > 毕业论文 > 材料类 > 材料科学与工程 > 正文

C-S-H纳米晶核对水泥-粉煤灰-石灰石粉复合胶凝材料体系水化及早强机理研究毕业论文

 2021-04-12 01:04  

摘 要

波特兰水泥是世界上最大的人造材料,也是现代文明和基础设施不可缺少的原材料。然而据报道,水泥工业占了全球二氧化碳排放总量的5%,因为每生产一吨水泥就将产生0.86吨的二氧化碳。为了人类的可持续发展,迫切需要缓解水泥行业对环境的污染。一般将大掺量工业固体废弃物如石灰石粉、白云石粉、粉煤灰、矿渣粉、钢渣等,用作辅助性胶凝材料来替代部分水泥熟料。然而,大掺量的固体废弃物往往会导致水泥基材料早期力学性能的不足,而传统提升早期强度的手段受限于经济效益不足或后期强度损失,难以满足大掺量固体废弃物的水泥基材料在建筑工程领域大规模的推广应用。

所以,为了更好地实现绿色水泥基材料的高效制备,势必需要研究新的途径来解决大掺量固体废弃物的水泥基材料的早期强度问题。根据国内外发表的文献,人工合成的C-S-H纳米晶核能显著提高水泥基材料的水化速率,促进水化历程,在提高早期强度的同时,也能使后期强度稳步增长。

基于此,本文通过宏观性能测试和水化微观机理的表征,研究了C-S-H纳米晶核对于粉煤灰-白云石粉-水泥复合胶凝体系的水化机理,得到了该胶凝体系合适的配合比,同时比较了不同铝含量的粉煤灰对该胶凝体系水化历程的作用效果。从而为C-S-H纳米晶核在大掺量固体废弃物的胶凝体系中的应用提供了参考。本文的研究结果表明:

(1)含铝相物质更多的粉煤灰在水泥-粉煤灰-白云石粉复合胶凝材料体系中,反应活性更高。此外,在该体系中加入C-S-H纳米晶核后,会引发一个放大效应:高铝粉煤灰和低铝粉煤灰之间的反应活性差距,将表现得更加明显。

(2)在水泥-粉煤灰-白云石粉复合胶凝材料体系中,应严格控制白云石粉的掺加量,实验结果显示,15%掺量的白云石粉仍有助于该胶凝体系后期力学性能提升,但过高的白云石掺量(如25%)会导致后期强度损失。

(3)在水泥-粉煤灰-白云石粉复合胶凝材料体系中,C-S-H纳米晶核能够在较小的掺量下,极大地促进该体系的早期水化历程,增加水化产物的生成量。这主要是因为C-S-H纳米晶核可以吸附石膏中的SO42-,能促进硅相水化反应(C3S、C2S)生成大量的氢氧化钙,大幅提升粉煤灰的火山灰反应,且在碳酸钙存在的情况下,有助于单碳铝酸盐相和半碳铝酸盐相的形成。

关键词:大掺量、高低铝粉煤灰、白云石粉、C-S-H纳米晶核、水化机理

Abstract

Portland cement is the largest amount man-made materials, and also regarded as the indispensable raw material for modern civilization and infrastructure. However, it is reported that cement industry take up 5% of the total CO2 emissions in global as a result of per tons cement produced would bring about one tons of CO2. For the purpose of sustainable development of mankind. there is an urgent need to alleviate the pollution of cement industry. An option widely adopted is the use of blended cements in which part of the clinker is replaced by “supplementary cementing materials”(SCM).Such as limestone powder,dolomite powder,fly ash,slag powder,steel slag and so on.However.high adding quantity of SCM tends to reduce the strength of cement-based materials.and the traditional means of enhancing early strength are limited by insufficient economic benefits or long-term strength loss.which makes it difficult to meet the large-scale application of cement-based materials with large amount of solid waste in the field of construction engineering.

Therefore, in order to better realize the efficient preparation of green cement-based materials, it is necessary to study new ways to solve the early strength problem of cement-based materials with large amount of solid waste. According to the literatures published at home and abroad, the synthesized C-S-H nanocrystalline nuclei can significantly improve the hydration rate of cement-based materials and promote the hydration process. While increasing the early strength, it can also make the later strength increase steadily.

Based on this.this article has carried on the discussion to the hydration mechanism of C-S-H nanocrystal used in fly ash-dolomite powder-cement composite cementitious system.we analyzed it’s macroscopic mechanical properties,microscopic hydration process and hydration products and found out appropriate mixing ratio of the cementitious system.Besides,the effect of fly ash with different aluminium content on the hydration process of the cementitious system was compared. This provides a reference for the application of C-S-H nanocrystal in the cementitious system with large amount of solid waste.The results of this study show that:

(1)Fly ash with more aluminium phase has higher reactivity in cement-fly ash-dolomite composite cementitious material system. In addition, the addition of C-S-H nanocrystalline nuclei in the system will lead to an amplification effect: the reaction activity gap between high-alumina fly ash and low-alumina fly ash will be more obvious.

(2)In the cement-fly ash-dolomite composite cementitious material system, the proportion of dolomite powder should be strictly controlled. The experimental results show that 15% dolomite powder is still helpful to improve the mechanical properties of the cementitious system, but excessive dolomite content (such as 25%) will lead to long-term strength loss

(3)In the cement-fly ash-dolomite composite cementitious material system, C-S-H nanocrystalline nuclei can greatly promote the early hydration process of the system and increase the production of hydration products at a small amount. This is mainly because the C-S-H nanocrystalline nuclei can absorb SO42-, promote the formation of calcium hydroxide in silica phase hydration reaction (C3S, C2S), greatly enhance the pozzolanic reaction of fly ash, and in the presence of calcium carbonate, contribute to the formation of hemicarbonate phase and monocarbonate aluminate phase.

Key Words:Large amount ;high and low aluminium fly ash,;dolomite powder;C-S-H nanocrystalline nucleus;hydration mechanism;

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2国内外研究现状 3

1.2.1C-S-H纳米晶核的性质和制备方法 3

1.2.2将白云石用作辅助胶凝材料的研究 3

1.2.3将粉煤灰用作辅助性胶凝材料研究现状 4

1.3研究目的和意义 4

2.1 原材料 6

2.1.1 水泥、高铝粉煤灰、低铝粉煤灰、白云石粉 6

2.1.2 C-S-H纳米晶核的制备 7

2.1.3白云石粉-粉煤灰-水泥复合胶凝材料净浆配合比 8

2.2测试方法: 9

2.2.1水泥试块成型与养护 9

2.2.2 X射线衍射分析(XRD) 9

2.2.3水泥基材料水化热测定 9

2.2.4场发射环境扫描电镜(SEM) 9

2.2.5抗压强度测定 10

2.2.6激光粒度分析 10

2.2.7热重分析(TGA) 10

2.2.8氮吸附法测孔隙率(BET) 10

第3章C-S-H 纳米晶核对水泥-粉煤灰-白云石粉复合胶凝材料水化机理研究 11

3.1抗压强度 11

3.2水化历程 12

3.3 微观形貌演变 14

3.4 物相分析 15

3.5 热重分析 18

3.6 BET分析 19

第4章 结论与展望 21

4.1结论 21

4.2展望 22

参考文献 23

致谢 25

第1章 绪论

1.1研究背景

伴随着我国工业化、城镇化的不断推进,水泥作为建筑建设的基本材料之一,其产业也得到了比较快速的发展。2018年,我国全国的水泥产量达到了21.8亿吨[1]。位居世界水泥产量和消费量第一名。然而在高产能的背后,也伴随着一个难以回避且日趋严重的问题。水泥行业作为一个同时具有高能耗、高排放的产业,一直以来都是工业领域节能减排的重点和难点。水泥“两磨一烧”的生产过程,即生料粉磨、熟料煅烧、水泥粉磨,均需要耗费大量的电力。根据数据显示,每生产一吨水泥熟料,大约需要排放0.86吨的二氧化碳[2],目前,我国水泥行业的碳排放量已经达到了全国碳排放总量的20%,占比可谓相当之高。其次,水泥的生产需要消耗大量的优质矿物资源,如石灰石、粘土等。原材料的过度开采不仅导致资源储量下降,而且也对生态环境造成了一定的破坏。

因此,为了缓解水泥行业对环境的污染,促进节能减排,同时为了满足人类社会对建筑材料日益增长的需求。在保证正常工作性能和力学性能的前提下,国内外普遍采取了利用工业废弃物如石灰石粉、白云石粉、粉煤灰、矿渣粉、钢渣、硅灰、偏高岭土等作为掺和料,将其按一定比例和掺量添加到水泥中去,尽可能多的取代水泥用量,形成更绿色可持续的多元胶凝材料体系。然而矿粉、硅灰、偏高岭土价格相比于石灰石粉昂贵的多,且优质粉煤灰、矿粉日益稀缺。因此,国内外学者针对普通硅酸盐水泥在石灰石存在下的水化反应做了深入的研究,发表了大量相关的文献。但石灰石是水泥工业生产熟料的重要原料,且高品位的石灰石粉在部分地区的储备量不足,因此关于利用其他碳酸盐矿物相替代优质石灰石粉的研究引起了人们广泛的关注。白云石和低品位石灰石不能用于熟料生产,这使得它们成为一个潜在的碳酸盐来源,可以与其他硅铝质矿物掺合料(矿粉、粉煤灰、煅烧粘土)和硅酸盐水泥一起使用。国内外围绕着将白云石粉作为辅助性胶凝材料掺加到水泥中去已经开展了许多相关的研究。研究发现,白云石混合水泥的性能与硅酸盐石灰石水泥相当,没有不稳定等负面影响[3],因此,将其添加到水泥中,可以有效地利用白云石灰岩,提高优质资源如石灰石的矿山开采寿命。白云粉的主要矿物成分为CaCO3·MgCO3,我国的白云石矿资源分布范围较广,储量丰富,因此白云石粉的成本并不高,是一种易于获取且成分稳定的工业产品。目前普遍认为白云石粉是良好的矿物掺和料。

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